phonetic map of Brazil
May. 5th, 2003 11:44 am![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png){kind=small}
guslSomeone has come up with the following map:
I am trying to draw a linguistic map of Brazil based on phonological features (i.e. want to draw lines like the pronunciation of the "r" in Britain), but I also want to draw lexical lines (like the bucket-pail line in America). The most salient variations in Brazilian Portuguese are the following:
Phonetic Variations
s -> [sh] in Rio and Recife but [s] elsewhere. "casca": [kashka] vs [kaska]
s before t -> [sh] in most of the Northeast. "casca"[kaska], "bosta"[boshta]
ti, di -> [tshi], [dzhi] (like in Japanese) in most of Brazil, with exceptions in the Northeast and the South. "bom dia, tia": [bõ dzhía, tshía] vs [bõ día, tía]
intervocalic rr -> [h] in most of Brazil, except in the South, where it's [r] or [rr] (not sure). Where it becomes [h], it usually goes to -> [] (null) when at the end of a word (e.g. all verbs), with exceptions in some places if the next word begins with a vowel.
e, o at the end of a word -> [i], [u] except in the South e.g. "violino": [violínu] vs [violíno]
e, o in early syllables of late-accent words -> [i], [u] in some places in the Northeast. e.g. "violino": [viulínu] vs [violínu]
Nasalization of vowels preceding a nasal consonant: in most of Brazil, "banana"[bãnãna]. Some places in the South, including perhaps Mineiro and Fluminense dialects, would say [banãna]
inho, inha -> [i~o, i~a] in most of Brazil but [i~] in Mineiro.
[u~a] in most of Brazil vs [uma] in São Paulo
em at the end of a word -> [e~i~] in most of Brazil. "também"->[també~i~]
In São Paulo, this is taken further: "entender"[enteindér]
In Rio, schwas are often inserted after the vowel in the accented syllable. This feature of their speech is considered rather ridiculous by most Brazilians, and it's target of many jokes and impressions of Rio surfer dudes.
Lexical Variations:
macaxeira vs aipim
biscoito vs bolacha
farol vs sinal de trânsito
uma tapa vs um tapa
Variations in Intonation and Rhythm:
Northeasterns supposedly talk in a singing tone, especially when asking a question.
Variations in Grammar:
tu quer (Northeast), tu queres (Maranhão, Rio Grande do Sul)
Variations in Word Choice:
The polite forms "o senhor", "a senhora" may be the only respectful address of older people in some regions.
I am trying to draw a linguistic map of Brazil based on phonological features (i.e. want to draw lines like the pronunciation of the "r" in Britain), but I also want to draw lexical lines (like the bucket-pail line in America). The most salient variations in Brazilian Portuguese are the following:
Phonetic Variations
s -> [sh] in Rio and Recife but [s] elsewhere. "casca": [kashka] vs [kaska]
s before t -> [sh] in most of the Northeast. "casca"[kaska], "bosta"[boshta]
ti, di -> [tshi], [dzhi] (like in Japanese) in most of Brazil, with exceptions in the Northeast and the South. "bom dia, tia": [bõ dzhía, tshía] vs [bõ día, tía]
intervocalic rr -> [h] in most of Brazil, except in the South, where it's [r] or [rr] (not sure). Where it becomes [h], it usually goes to -> [] (null) when at the end of a word (e.g. all verbs), with exceptions in some places if the next word begins with a vowel.
e, o at the end of a word -> [i], [u] except in the South e.g. "violino": [violínu] vs [violíno]
e, o in early syllables of late-accent words -> [i], [u] in some places in the Northeast. e.g. "violino": [viulínu] vs [violínu]
Nasalization of vowels preceding a nasal consonant: in most of Brazil, "banana"[bãnãna]. Some places in the South, including perhaps Mineiro and Fluminense dialects, would say [banãna]
inho, inha -> [i~o, i~a] in most of Brazil but [i~] in Mineiro.
[u~a] in most of Brazil vs [uma] in São Paulo
em at the end of a word -> [e~i~] in most of Brazil. "também"->[també~i~]
In São Paulo, this is taken further: "entender"[enteindér]
In Rio, schwas are often inserted after the vowel in the accented syllable. This feature of their speech is considered rather ridiculous by most Brazilians, and it's target of many jokes and impressions of Rio surfer dudes.
Lexical Variations:
macaxeira vs aipim
biscoito vs bolacha
farol vs sinal de trânsito
uma tapa vs um tapa
Variations in Intonation and Rhythm:
Northeasterns supposedly talk in a singing tone, especially when asking a question.
Variations in Grammar:
tu quer (Northeast), tu queres (Maranhão, Rio Grande do Sul)
Variations in Word Choice:
The polite forms "o senhor", "a senhora" may be the only respectful address of older people in some regions.
há controvérsias
Date: 2003-05-06 04:57 pm (UTC)acho que é praticamente impossível fazer um mapa desses sem ser genérico demais, o que acaba sendo grosseiro.
em compensação, o sotaque baiano nem é tão diferente assim do resto do nordeste pra merecer uma divisão de destaque. no acre, por exemplo, o sotaque deles é quase tão carregado quanto no rio, só que bem diferente. no mato grosso, é uma mistura de paulista com mineiro mas em brasília ele já não tem muita coesão. no paraná é uma grande mistura de paulista do interior com gaúcho também do interior.
enfim, isso são apenas exemplos pra dizer que não é possível se fazer um mapa dessa forma.
cecils.
Re: há controvérsias
Date: 2003-05-06 05:20 pm (UTC)Porém até essas linhas variam de uma forma contínua, de tal maneira que fica melhor usar uma gradiente. Porém quando fica complicado demais, o jeito é aproximar.
Se vc leu com cuidado, deve ter visto que eu disse que só estava destacando as variações mais salientes. Dessa forma, entre Recife e João Pessoa só muda uma característica, ilustrada por "casca": [káshka]vs[káska]. Pra gente, a diferença entre Pernambuco e Alagoas pode ser grande, mas pra quem vem de fora não é. Espero que no futuro até as diferenças mais sutis estejam catalogadas, porém pelo que eu tenho visto até agora, o caminho hoje é catalogar primeiro as diferenças maiores.
Pessimista!